Global Forest Change 2000–2019
Data Download

Results from time-series analysis of Landsat images in characterizing global forest extent and change from 2000 through 2019. For additional information about these results, please see the associated journal article (Hansen et al., Science 2013).

Web-based visualizations of these results are also available at our main site:

http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest

Please use that URL when linking to this dataset.

We anticipate releasing updated versions of this dataset. To keep up to date with the latest updates, and to help us better understand how these data are used, please register as a user. Thanks!

User Notes for Version 1.7 Update

This update of gross forest cover loss includes new 2019 loss-year and multispectral imagery layers. Relative to the version 1.0 product our method has been modified in numerous ways, and the new update should be seen as part of a transition to a future version 2.0 that is more consistent over the entire 2000-onward period. Key changes include:

1. The use of Landsat 8 OLI data for 2013 onward,
2. The reprocessing of data from 2011 onward in measuring loss,
3. Improved training data for calibrating the loss model,
4. Improved per sensor quality assessment models to filter input data, and
5. Improved input spectral features for building and applying the loss model.

These changes lead to a different and improved detection of global forest loss. However, the years preceding 2011 have not yet been reprocessed in this manner, and users will notice inconsistencies as a result. It must also be noted that a full validation of the results incorporating Landsat 8 has not been undertaken. Such an analysis may reveal a more sensitive ability to detect and map forest disturbance with Landsat 8 data. If this is the case then there will be a more fundamental limitation to the consistency of the mapped interannual loss before and after the inclusion of Landsat 8 data, and a validation of Landsat 8-incorporated loss detection is planned. The integrated use of version 1.0 2000–2012 data and updated version 1.7 2011–2019 data should be performed with caution.

Some examples of improved change detection in the 2011–2019 update include the following:

1. Improved detection of boreal forest loss due to fire.
2. Improved detection of smallholder rotation agricultural clearing in dry and humid tropical forests.
3. Improved detection of selective logging.
4. Improved detection of the clearing of short cycle plantations in sub-tropical and tropical ecozones.

These are examples of dynamics that may be differentially mapped over the 2001-2019 period in Version 1.7. A version 2.0 reprocessing of the 2000-onward record is planned, but no delivery date is yet confirmed.

The original version 1.0 data is also still available for download here.

In addition, to reduce confusion, beginning with version 1.4 we are no longer releasing loss as a separate layer from lossyear. Loss as previously releaed corresponds to nonzero values of loss year.

License and Attribution

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. You are free to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to transform and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

Use the following credit when these data are displayed:

Source: Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA

Use the following credit when these data are cited:

Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. “High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change.” Science 342 (15 November): 850–53. Data available on-line from: http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest.

Dataset Details

This global dataset is divided into 10x10 degree tiles, consisting of seven files per tile. All files contain unsigned 8-bit values and have a spatial resolution of 1 arc-second per pixel, or approximately 30 meters per pixel at the equator.

Tree canopy cover for year 2000 (treecover2000)

Tree cover in the year 2000, defined as canopy closure for all vegetation taller than 5m in height. Encoded as a percentage per output grid cell, in the range 0–100.

Global forest cover gain 2000–2012 (gain)

Forest gain during the period 2000–2012, defined as the inverse of loss, or a non-forest to forest change entirely within the study period. Encoded as either 1 (gain) or 0 (no gain).

Year of gross forest cover loss event (lossyear)

Forest loss during the period 2000–2019, defined as a stand-replacement disturbance, or a change from a forest to non-forest state. Encoded as either 0 (no loss) or else a value in the range 1–17, representing loss detected primarily in the year 2001–2019, respectively.

Data mask (datamask)

Three values representing areas of no data (0), mapped land surface (1), and permanent water bodies (2).

Circa year 2000 Landsat 7 cloud-free image composite (first)

Reference multispectral imagery from the first available year, typically 2000. If no cloud-free observations were available for year 2000, imagery was taken from the closest year with cloud-free data, within the range 1999–2012.

Circa year 2019 Landsat cloud-free image composite (last)

Reference multispectral imagery from the last available year, typically 2019. If no cloud-free observations were available for year 2019, imagery was taken from the closest year with cloud-free data, within the range 2010–2015.

Reference composite imagery are median observations from a set of quality assessed growing season observations in four spectral bands, specifically Landsat bands 3, 4, 5, and 7. Normalized top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance values (ρ) have been scaled to an 8-bit data range using a scale factor (g):

The g factor was chosen independently for each band to preserve the band-specific dynamic range, as shown in the following table:

Download Instructions

To download individual 10x10 degree granules, click on a region on the map below and then click on the URLs underneath it.

We have provided a complete set of granules spanning the range 180W–180E and 80N–60S, but the granules over the ocean are provided for completeness only and do not contain any meaningful data. Should you wish to download a complete layer, you may download a text file containing the complete list of URLs for each layer: treecover2000, gain, lossyear, datamask, first, or last.

Note that the loss, gain, lossyear, and datamask layers compress extremely well (totalling less than 10GB each globally), and the treecover2000 layer compresses fairly well (less than 50GB), but the first and last multispectral layers are much larger (totalling over 600GB each). You may wish to take this into account when selecting which layers to download in their entirety.

Analyzing the Results in Earth Engine

You can also analyze these results directly in Google Earth Engine using the asset ID UMD/hansen/global_forest_change_2019_v1_7. If you are not yet an Earth Engine user, you may sign up here. To help you get started we have made an introductory tutorial showing examples of how to use this data to do a variety of things, including generating indices from annual Landsat composites and computing tree loss per year for regions of interest.